Storm Water Management and Development Site Planning

Planning Partnership of the Hamilton County Regional Planning Commission:

Storm Water Education Task Force

Storm Water Education Task Force

Purpose:

To develop an educational program for all planning commissions and zoning boards within Hamilton County on storm water issues related to the NPDES* Phase II permit requirements.

Storm Water Education Task Force

Subcommittee of the Planning Partnership of the Hamilton County Planning Commission

Task Force Member Affiliations:

Planning Partnership of the Hamilton County Regional Planning Commission

Hamilton County Soil & Water Conservation District

Hamilton County Wet Weather Initiative

Mill Creek Restoration Project

Mill Creek Watershed Council

FMSM Engineers Inc.

CDS Associates Inc.

NPDES Phase II Storm Water Permit Program

Results from the 1972 Clean Water Act

Purpose is to protect and improve the quality of rivers, streams and lakes from “non-point” sources

Chemicals washed off streets, parking lots and lawns by rainfall

Sediment and waste from construction sites or stream bank erosion

Runoff from agricultural activities

Illicit discharges to storm drains

Failing septic systems

NPDES* Phase II Storm Water
Permit Program

Facilitates and promotes regional watershed planning

Regulates construction activities for sites greater than one acre

Affects most urbanized areas in the State of Ohio

* National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

Phase II Storm Water Regulations:
Six Minimum Control Measures

Public education and outreach

Public involvement/participation

Illicit discharge detection and elimination

Construction site storm water runoff control

Post-construction management

Pollution prevention/good housekeeping

How will it affect my community?

Local governments must submit permit application and implementation plan to Ohio EPA by March 10, 2003.

Requires improved ordinances for erosion & sediment control and illicit discharges.

Requires implementation of storm water best management practices (BMP’s).

Requires improving site development and watershed protection techniques.

Basic Definitions

Storm water – Precipitation or rainfall that does not infiltrate into the ground or evaporate into the air.

Runoff - Storm water, and associated substances, discharged into streams, lakes, sewers or storm drains.

Watershed - Land area from which water drains toward a common surface water body in a natural basin.

Basic Definitions - Continued

Imperviousness – Portion of a watershed that is covered by surfaces (parking lots, roads, roof tops) that will not absorb rainfall.

Best management practices (BMPs) - Any means, practice or technique to significantly reduce or eliminate storm water pollution.

General Site Development Principles

A developed area should behave hydrologically as it did before the site was developed.

(The amount of storm water leaving site should not increase after development.)

The developer should seek to use the site’s natural features, protect sensitive areas and limit imperviousness.

Twelve Principles for
Responsible Site Development*

Principle One

Each parcel of land is part of a much larger watershed.

Principle Two

Storm water is an important natural resource that should be used to replenish our rivers, streams and lakes.

Principle Three

It is generally more efficient and cost-effective to prevent problems rather than attempt to correct them after the fact.

Principle Four

The final design of a storm water management system should attempt to mimic and use the natural drainage features of the site.

Principle Five

Post-development runoff characteristics (volume, rate, timing and pollutant load) for a given site should closely resemble predevelopment conditions.

Principle Six

Storm Water BMP: On-Site Infiltration Trench

Designed to encourage reduction of runoff pollutant load and groundwater recharge.

Storm Water BMP: On-Site Sand Filter

Designed to address pollutant load in runoff and encourage ground water recharge.

Principle Seven

When possible, avoid discharging storm water directly to a surface water body such as a stream.

Storm Water BMP: Vegetated Island

Vegetated parking lot islands are designed to allow infiltration of parking lot runoff.

Storm Water BMP: Wetland

On-site wetland constructed to slow down storm water runoff and reduce pollutant load.

Principle Eight

Storm water management systems (particularly methods that use vegetation as a key component) should be designed, constructed and stabilized before the facilities that discharge to them are built.

Principle Nine

Begin at the “end of the pipe,” the receiving stream.

Principle Ten

Design and construct, to the extent possible, the storm water management system along natural site contours.

Principle Eleven

Vegetated buffer strips (riparian corridors) should be retained or created along banks of streams or lakes.

Principle Twelve

Regular inspection and maintenance is a key component of a storm water management system!

Site Development and Storm Water Management

Case Studies

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Stormwater BMPs

Perforated stormwater conduit to encourage groundwater recharge

Stormwater BMPs

Sediment trapping catch basins

Stormwater BMPs

Construction road stabilization

Stormwater BMPs

Slow release device detail

Stormwater BMPs

Roof drain cisterns for landscape irrigation

Stormwater BMPs

Enlarged vegetated parking lot islands to encourage infiltration of runoff

Residential Case Study: Standard Practice

Residential Case Study – Revised Plan

Implemented Stormwater BMPs

Principles 3 & 8: Constructed stormwater management features (detention basins) before building

Residential Example: Landscape Plan

Implemented Stormwater BMPs

Principle 10: Preserved natural site contours

Remember, storm water is a resource!

This presentation has been developed as an educational tool on stormwater management. The presentation is a compilation and adaptation from works from different authors, including "Basic Principles of Site Planning and Stormwater Management" created on July 27, 1999 by James L. Smoot at University of Tennessee, College of Engineering.

References and Citations

“Basic Principles of Site Planning and Stormwater Management” created on July 27, 1999 by James L. Smoot at University of Tennessee, College of Engineering

James L. Smoot, PhD, PE

Assistant Regional Hydrologist - NAWQA

U.S. Geological Survey

3850 Holcomb Bridge Road, Suite 160

Norcross, Georgia 30092-5223

Office Phone: 770-409-7724

Cell Phone: 404-452-9220

FAX: 770-409-7725

Office E-Mail: jlsmoot@usgs.gov

Watershed Boundaries, ODNR, OEPA, NRCS, USGS, 2000

Photos from website of Marten son and Eisele, Inc. Metzig Hills subdivision

Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group, 1998

Soil & Water Conservation Districts of Southwest Ohio

Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 1996

Lo Gioco Landscaping, Inc., no date

Invisible Structures, no date

University of Maryland, 2000

http://www.raingardens.org/

“Stormwater and Your Community,” Fact Sheet AEX-442, The Ohio State University - Extension

“Impacts of Development on Waterways”, Nemo Project Fact Sheet 3 - University of Connecticut Cooperative Extension System, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources

Stormwater Fact Sheet No. 8, Land-Of-Sky Regional Council, Asheville, NC 28806

“Non Point Source Water Pollution,” Fact Sheet AEX-441-00, The Ohio State University – Extension

“Multi-Functional Landscaping: Putting Your Parking Lot Design Requirements to Work for Water Quality,” Fact Sheet CL-1000-01, The Ohio State University - Extension

“Hamilton County Storm Water Study”, Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati, Feb. 6, 2002


	Planning Partnership of the Hamilton County Regional Planning Commission:
	Storm Water Education Task Force


	Purpose:
	To develop an educational program for all planning commissions and zoning boards within Hamilton County on storm water issues related to the NPDES* Phase II permit requirements.


	Subcommittee of the Planning Partnership of the Hamilton County Planning Commission
	Task Force Member Affiliations:
		Planning Partnership of the Hamilton County Regional Planning Commission
		Hamilton County Soil & Water Conservation District
		Hamilton County Wet Weather Initiative
		Mill Creek Restoration Project
		Mill Creek Watershed Council
		FMSM Engineers Inc.
		CDS Associates Inc.


	Results from the 1972 Clean Water Act
	Purpose is to protect and improve the quality of rivers, streams and lakes from “non-point” sources
		Chemicals washed off streets, parking lots and lawns by rainfall
		Sediment and waste from construction sites or stream bank erosion
		Runoff from agricultural activities
		Illicit discharges to storm drains
		Failing septic systems


	Facilitates and promotes regional watershed planning
	Regulates construction activities for sites greater than one acre
	Affects most urbanized areas in the State of Ohio
	* National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System


	Public education and outreach
	Public involvement/participation
	Illicit discharge detection and elimination
	Construction site storm water runoff control
	Post-construction management
	Pollution prevention/good housekeeping


	Local governments must submit permit application and implementation plan to Ohio EPA by March 10, 2003.
	Requires improved ordinances for erosion & sediment control and illicit discharges.
	Requires implementation of storm water best management practices (BMP’s).
	Requires improving site development and watershed protection techniques.


	Storm water – Precipitation or rainfall that does not infiltrate into the ground or evaporate into the air.
	Runoff - Storm water, and associated substances, discharged into streams, lakes, sewers or storm drains.
	Watershed - Land area from which water drains toward a common surface water body in a natural basin.


	Imperviousness – Portion of a watershed that is covered by surfaces (parking lots, roads, roof tops) that will not absorb rainfall.
	Best management practices (BMPs) - Any means, practice or technique to significantly reduce or eliminate storm water pollution.


	A developed area should behave hydrologically as it did before the site was developed.
	(The amount of storm water leaving site should not increase after development.)
	The developer should seek to use the site’s natural features, protect sensitive areas and limit imperviousness.


	Storm water is an important natural resource that should be used to replenish our rivers, streams and lakes.


	It is generally more efficient and cost-effective to prevent problems rather than attempt to correct them after the fact.


	The final design of a storm water management system should attempt to mimic and use the natural drainage features of the site.


	Post-development runoff characteristics (volume, rate, timing and pollutant load) for a given site should closely resemble predevelopment conditions.


	Designed to encourage reduction of runoff pollutant load and groundwater recharge.


	Designed to address pollutant load in runoff and encourage ground water recharge.


	When possible, avoid discharging storm water directly to a surface water body such as a stream.


	Vegetated parking lot islands are designed to allow infiltration of parking lot runoff.


	On-site wetland constructed to slow down storm water runoff and reduce pollutant load.


	Storm water management systems (particularly methods that use vegetation as a key component) should be designed, constructed and stabilized before the facilities that discharge to them are built.


	Design and construct, to the extent possible, the storm water management system along natural site contours.


	Vegetated buffer strips (riparian corridors) should be retained or created along banks of streams or lakes.


	Regular inspection and maintenance is a key component of a storm water management system!


	Perforated stormwater conduit to encourage groundwater recharge


	Enlarged vegetated parking lot islands to encourage infiltration of runoff


	Principles 3 & 8: Constructed stormwater management features (detention basins) before building


	“Basic Principles of Site Planning and Stormwater Management” created on July 27, 1999 by James L. Smoot at University of Tennessee, College of Engineering
			James L. Smoot, PhD, PE
			Assistant Regional Hydrologist - NAWQA
			U.S. Geological Survey
			3850 Holcomb Bridge Road, Suite 160
			Norcross, Georgia 30092-5223
			Office Phone: 770-409-7724
			Cell Phone: 404-452-9220
			FAX: 770-409-7725
			Office E-Mail: jlsmoot@usgs.gov
	Watershed Boundaries, ODNR, OEPA, NRCS, USGS, 2000
	Photos from website of Marten son and Eisele, Inc. Metzig Hills subdivision
	Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group, 1998
	Soil & Water Conservation Districts of Southwest Ohio
	Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 1996
	Lo Gioco Landscaping, Inc., no date

	Invisible Structures, no date
	University of Maryland, 2000
	http://www.raingardens.org/
	“Stormwater and Your Community,” Fact Sheet AEX-442, The Ohio State University - Extension
	“Impacts of Development on Waterways”, Nemo Project Fact Sheet 3 - University of Connecticut Cooperative Extension System, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources
	Stormwater Fact Sheet No. 8, Land-Of-Sky Regional Council, Asheville, NC 28806
	“Non Point Source Water Pollution,” Fact Sheet AEX-441-00, The Ohio State University – Extension
	“Multi-Functional Landscaping: Putting Your Parking Lot Design Requirements to Work for Water Quality,” Fact Sheet CL-1000-01, The Ohio State University - Extension
	“Hamilton County Storm Water Study”, Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati, Feb. 6, 2002